
DEEP-SEA MOLECULAR ECOLOGY
Herrera Lab
The Deep-Sea Molecular Ecology Lab explores how ocean variability shapes life in the deep sea. We combine fieldwork, molecular biology, computational analysis, and laboratory experiments to uncover the past, understand the present, and anticipate the future of these unique ecosystems.
Our mission is to advance scientific knowledge and contribute to the conservation of the planet’s most vulnerable marine environments through an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach.
Led by Dr. Santiago Herrera, Associate Professor at Lehigh University and affiliated with the Smithsonian Institution, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), and the Argentine Deep-Sea Studies Group (GEMPA), the lab specializes in deep-sea biology, molecular ecology, and environmental DNA (eDNA). With experience spanning over forty oceanographic expeditions, we bring together ocean exploration and cutting-edge molecular tools to tackle some of today’s greatest scientific and societal challenges.
We are currently recruiting Ph.D. Students to expand our work in environmental DNA (eDNA) and comparative genomics. Ideal candidates would have a substantial background and significant research experience in molecular biology methods, bioinformatics, and marine field work. If you are interested in joining the lab, please email Santiago (santiago [dot] herrera [at] lehigh [dot] edu) with your CV and a brief statement of research interests.
Herrera Lab
Current Members

Petra Oganovich
Eckardt Scholar
Petra is interested in the diversity of corals and their microbial eukaryote associates. She is a major in Molecular Biology.
Former Members
Fieldwork
Members of the lab have led or participated in over 45 oceanographic research expeditions. We have conducted over 1,000 deep-sea dives with deep submergence vehicles across the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern oceans.
Oceanographic Research Expeditions
*Indicates participation via telepresence
2025 R/V Point Sur, ROV Global Explorer, ConnectivitY of CoraL Ecosystems (CYCLE), U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2025 R/V Atlantis, HOV Alvin, AT50-42, Juan De Fuca Ridge, Canada.
2025 R/V Falkor (too), ROV SuBastian, FKt250712 - Talud Continental IV, Mar del Plata Canyon, Argentina.
2025 R/V Atlantis, HOV Alvin and AUV Sentry, AT50-30, East Pacific Rise 9° 50’N.
2024 E/V Nautilus, ROV Hercules, AUV Sentry, NA165. E Mamana Ou Gataifale II — American Samoa.
2024 R/V Western Flyer, ROV Taurus, WF-25-06, West Florida Escarpment, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2024 E/V Nautilus, AUV Mesobot, USV DriX, DAP, NA164. E Mamana Ou Gataifale I — American Samoa.
2024 R/V Pisces, ROV Mohawk, PC24-03 Deepwater Horizon NRDA MDBC, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2024 R/V Atlantis, HOV Alvin and AUV Sentry, AT50-21, East Pacific Rise 9° 50’N.
2023 R/V Point Sur, ROV Mohawk PS24-10 SALT5, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2023 R/V Nancy Foster, ROV Global Explorer, NF23-06 IMPACT, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2023 R/V Falkor (too), ROV SuBastian, FKt230812, Eastern Galapagos Spreading Center, Galapagos, Ecuador.
2023 R/V Pisces, ROV Mohawk, PC23-02 Deepwater Horizon NRDA MDBC, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2023 R/V Pelican, ROV Beagle, PE23-04 MERCI, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2023 R/V Falkor (too), ROV SuBastian, FKt230417, PULSE, Puerto Rico.
2023 R/V Atlantis, HOV Alvin and AUV Sentry, AT50-07, East Pacific Rise 9° 50’N.
2022 R/V Point Sur, ROV Mohawk, PS22-22 Deepwater Horizon NRDA MDBC SALT3, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2022 R/V Nancy Foster, ROV Mohawk, PC22-02 Deepwater Horizon NRDA MDBC, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2022 R/V Point Sur, ROV Mohawk, PS22-22 Deepwater Horizon NRDA MDBC SALT2, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2022 R/V Nancy Foster, ROV Global Explorer, Illuminating Biodiversity in Deep Waters of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico.
2021 R/V Point Sur, ROV Global Explorer, ConnectivitY of CoraL Ecosystems (CYCLE), U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2021 R/V Roger Revelle, ROV Jason and AUV Sentry, RR2102, East Pacific Rise 9° 50’N.
2019 R/V Manta, AUV Mesobot, Environmental DNA Exploration of the Mesopelagic, eDNA MT19, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2019 R/V Pelican, ROV Global Explorer, ConnectivitY of CoraL Ecosystems (CYCLE), U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2018 R/V Atlantis, HOV Alvin and AUV Sentry, AT42-06 Early Career Scientist (ECS) cruise, East Pacific Rise 8° 20’ - 9° 50’N.
2018 R/V Manta, ROV Mohawk, Connectivity of Deepwater Corals (RESTORE) MT18, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2017 R/V Manta, ROV Mohawk, Connectivity of Deepwater Corals (RESTORE) MT17, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2017 M/V Ocean Project, ROV Comanche, Connectivity of Deepwater Corals (RESTORE) OP17, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2017 M/V Ocean Intervention II, ROV Global Explorer, ECOGIG OI2 Jewels of the Deep, U.S. Gulf of Mexico.
2017 R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Deep Discoverer, EX1702 American Samoa Expedition. American Samoa.
2015 *R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Deep Discoverer, EX1502 Océano Profundo 2015. Caribbean Sea.
2014 R/V Thomas G. Thompson, HROV Nereus, TN309 Hadal Ecosystems Studies (HADES), Kermadec Trench, New Zealand.
2014 R/V Tangaroa, DTIS Towed Camera, TAN1402 Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems survey of the Louisville Seamounts, New Zealand.
2013 *R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Deep Discoverer, EX1304 Northeast U.S. Canyons Expedition 2013. North Atlantic Ocean.
2013 Technical scuba diving, Cold-Water Coral Collection Expedition in British Columbia Fjords. British Columbia, Canada.
2012 R/V Falkor, ROV Global Explorer MK3, Deep-Sea Coral Shakedown. Gulf of Mexico.
2012 *R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Little Hercules, EX1202 GoMEX 2012: Gulf of Mexico Expedition 2012. Gulf of Mexico.
2011 M/V Holiday Chouest, ROV UHD-34, NRDA Impacts to Coral Communities from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Gulf of Mexico.
2011 *R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Little Hercules, EX1103 GALREX 2011: Galápagos Rift Expedition 2011. Galapagos Rift, Ecuador.
2011 RSS James Cook, ROV Isis, JC055 Cruise: Chemosynthetic Ecosystems of the Southern Ocean. Southern Ocean, Antarctica.
2010 *E/V Nautilus, ROV Hercules, NA010, cruise: Nautilus 2010, Anaximander Seamounts. Anaximander Seamounts, Turkey.
2010 R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Little Hercules, EX1004 leg 3, cruise: INDEX-SATAL 2010. Sangihe Talaud, Indonesia.
2010 *R/V Okeanos Explorer, ROV Little Hercules, EX1004 leg 2, cruise: INDEX-SATAL 2010. Sangihe Talaud, Indonesia.
2010 R/V Tangaroa, DTIS Towed Camera, TAN1007 KARMA Kermadec ARc MinerAls. Kermadec arc, New Zealand.
2009 R/V Ronald H. Brown, ROV Jason II, Lophellia II Deepwater Coral Expedition: Reefs, Rigs, and Wrecks. Gulf of Mexico.
2009 SSV Corwith Cramer, Jake Peirson Summer Cruise. Atlantis Canyon, North Atlantic Ocean.
Publications
McCartin L., A. Govindarajan, J.M. McDermott, S. Herrera (2025) Limited Dispersal of Benthic Environmental DNA from a Subtropical Mesophotic Shelf- Edge Bank. Environmental DNA. 7: e70204. https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.70204
Vaga C.F., S. Cairns, L. McCartin, S. Herrera, M.V. Kitahara, A.M. Quattrini (2025) Phylogenomic supports transfer of the reef-builder Madrepora carolina and genus Thalamophyllia (Anthozoa, Scleractinia) to the family Agariciidae. Marine Biodiversity. 55: 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-025-01552-x
Roa-Varón, A., Moulos, P., Harter, S. Davies, A., Quattrini, A.M., S. Herrera (2025) Chromosome-level genome of the Vermillion Snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens). Scientific Data. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4927070/v1
Wood A., L. McCartin, S. Herrera, A.M. Quattrini, Collins A. (2025) Anthozoan eDNA Primer Set Characterizes Ctenophora and Medusozoa Communities in the Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1535149
Horowitz J., Barajas M., L. McCartin, S. Vohsen, S. Herrera (2025) Description of a new species of black coral in the family Schizopathidae (Anthozoa, Antipatharia) from Puerto Rico. ZooKeys. 1231: 331–346. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1231.136967
Lopera L., A. Bracco, S. Herrera (2025) Physical Connectivity Between Mesophotic Areas in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 130, e2024JC021753. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021753
McCartin L., E. Saso, S. Vohsen, N. Pittoors, P. Demetriades, C. McFadden, A. Quattrini, S. Herrera (2024) Nuclear eDNA Meta-barcoding Primers for Anthozoan Coral Biodiversity Assessment. PeerJ. 12:e18607. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18607
Vohsen S., H.R. Gruber-Vodicka, S. Herrera, N. Dubilier, C.R. Fisher, I.B. Baums (2024) Discovery of deep-sea coral symbionts from a novel clade of marine bacteria with severely reduced genomes. Nature Communications.15:9508. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53855-5
Weinnig, A., S. Herrera & E. Cordes (2024) Decrease in pH, increase in temperature, and pollution exposure elicit distinct stress responses in a scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa. Deep-Sea Research II: Topical Studies in Oceanography. 218:105416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2024.105416
Vohsen S. & S. Herrera (2024) Coral microbiomes are structured by environmental gradients in deep waters. Environmental Microbiome.
19:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00579-0
Horowitz J., D.M. Opresko, S. Herrera, C. Hansel, A.M. Quattrini (2024) Ameripathidae, a new family of Antipatharian Corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia). ZooKeys. 1203:355-375. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1203.121411
Quattrini A.M., L.J. McCartin, E.E. Easton, J. Horowitz, H. Bowers, K. Mitchell, M. Sei, H.H. Wirshing, C.S. McFadden, & S. Herrera (2024) Skimming genomes for systematics and DNA barcodes of corals. Ecology and Evolution. e11254. http://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.11254
Taenzer L., S.D. Wankel, J. Kapit, W. Pardis, S. Herrera, S. Auscavitch, K.C. Grabb, E. Cordes, C.M. Hansel (2023) Corals and Sponges are Hotspots of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Deep Sea. PNAS Nexus. pgad398. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad398
Herrera S., & E. Cordes (2023) Genome assembly of the deep-sea coral Lophelia pertusa. GigaByte. 78. https://doi.org/10.46471/gigabyte.78
 
Herrera S., W.W. Chadwick, M.G. Jackson, J. Konter, L. McCartin, N. Pittoors, E. Bushta, S. Merle (2023) From basalt to biosphere: Early non-vent community succession on the erupting Vailulu’u deep seamount. Frontiers in Marine Science. 10: 1110062 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1110062
Govindarajan A.F., A. Adams, E. Allan, S. Herrera, A. Lavery, J. Llopiz, L. McCartin, D. Yoerger, W. Zhang (2023) Advances in Environmental DNA Technology for Observing Ocean Twilight Zone Biodiversity. Oceanography. 36(1):27 https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.s1.27
Govindarajan A.F. , L. McCartin, A. Adams, E. Allane, M. Belani, R. Francolinig, J. Fujii, A. Kukulya, F. Marin, K. Tradd, D. Yoerger, J. McDermott & S. Herrera (2022) Improved biodiversity detection using a large-volume environmental DNA sampler with in situ filtration and implications for marine eDNA sampling strategies. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 189: 103871 https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.12.475892
McDermott J. M., R. Parnell-Turner, T. Barreyre, S. Herrera, C. Downing, N. Pittoors, K. Pehr, S. Vohsen, W. Dowd, J. Wu, M. Marjanovic & D. Fornari (2022) Discovery of Active Off-Axis Hydrothermal Vents at 9°54’N East Pacific Rise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119(30):e2205602119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2205602119.
McCartin L., S. Vohsen, S. Ambrose, M. Layden, C. McFadden, E. Cordes, J. McDermott & S. Herrera (2022) Temperature Controls eDNA Persistence Across Physicochemical Conditions in Seawater. Environmental Science & Technology. 56(12):8629–8639. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c01672
Quattrini A.M., S. Herrera, M. Adams, J. Grinyo, L. Allcock, A. Shuler, H. Wirshing, E.E.Cordes, & C.S. McFadden (2022) Phylogeography of Paramuricea: The role of depth and water mass in the evolution and distribution of deep-sea corals. Frontiers in Marine Science. 8:849402 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.849402
Liu G., A. Bracco, A. M. Quattrini, & S. Herrera (2021) Kilometer-scale larval dispersal processes predict metapopulation connectivity pathways for Paramuricea biscaya in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:790927. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.790927
Galaska M., G. Liu, D. West, K. Erickson, A.M. Quattrini, A. Bracco & S. Herrera (2021) Seascape genomics reveals metapopulation connectivity network of Paramuricea biscaya in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8:790929. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.790929
Stefanoudis P.V., L.M. Biancani, S. Cambronero-Solano, M. Clark, J.T. Copley, E. Easton, F. Elmer, S.H.D. Haddock, S. Herrera, I. Inglesias, A.M. Quattrini, J. Sigwart, C. Yesson & A. Glover (2021) Moving conferences online: lessons learned from an international virtual meeting. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 288(1961):20211769 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1769
Voolstra C.R., K. Quigley, S.W. Davies, J.E. Parkinson, R.S. Peixoto, M. Aranda, A.C. Baker, A. Barno, D.J. Barshis, F. Benzoni, V. Bonito, D. Bourne, C. Buitrago-Lopez, T. Bridge, C. Xin Chan, D.J. Combosch, J. Craggs, J.C. Frommlet, S. Herrera, A.M. Quattrini, T. Rothig, J.D. Reimer, E. Rubio-Portillo, D. Suggett, H. Villela, M. Ziegler & M. Sweet (2021) Consensus guidelines for advancing coral holobiont genome and specimen voucher deposition. Frontiers in Marine Science. 8:701784 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.701784
Dueñas L., J. León, V. Puentes, & S. Herrera (2021) Fauna associated with cold seeps in the deep Colombian Caribbean. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 173:103552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103552
Frometa J., P.J. Etnoyer, A.M. Quattrini, S. Herrera & T.W. Greig (2021) Genetic diversity of Swiftia exserta, a gorgonian octocoral impacted by the DWH oil spill. Diversity. 13(4): 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13040172
De Leo D.M., A. Glazier, S. Herrera, A. Barkman & E.E. Cordes (2021) Transcriptomic responses of deep-sea corals experimentally exposed to crude oil and dispersant. Frontiers in Marine Science. doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.649909
Buff L., M.G. Jackson, K. Konrad, J.G. Konter, M. Bizimis, A. Price, E.F. Rose-Koga, J. Blusztajn, A.A.P. Koppers, & S. Herrera (2021) “Missing links” for the long-lived Macdonald and Arago hotspots, South Pacific Ocean. Geology, https://doi.org/10.1130/G48276.1
Glazier A., S. Herrera, A. Weinnig, M. Kurman, C. Gómez, & E. Cordes. (2020) Regulation of ion transport and energy metabolism enables certain coral genotypes to maintain calcification under experimental ocean acidification. Molecular Ecology. 103189. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15439
Bracco A., G. Liu, M. Galaska, A. M. Quattrini, & S. Herrera (2019) Integrating physical circulation models and genetic approaches to investigate population connectivity in deep-sea corals. Journal of Marine Systems. 198:103189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.103189
Dueñas L.F., C. Cedeño-Posso, A. Grajales, S. Herrera, E. Rodriguez, J.A. Sánchez, J. Leon, & V. Puentes (2019) First visual occurrence data for deep-sea cnidarians in the South-western Colombian Caribbean. Biodiversity Data Journal. 7:e33091. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e33091
Bors E., S. Herrera, J. Morris & T.M. Shank. (2019) Population genomics of the rapidly invading Lionfish in the Caribbean. Ecology & Evolution. 9(6): 3306-3320. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4952
Sigwart J.D., M.K. Wicksten, M. Jackson & S. Herrera (2019) Deep sea video technology tracks a monoplacophoran to the end of its trail (Mollusca, Tryblidia). Marine Biodiversity. 49(2):825-832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0860-2
Herrera S., W.C. De Vega, D. Ashbrook, S.O. Vernon & P.O. McGowan (2018) Genome-Epigenome Interactions Associated with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Epigenetics. 13 (12): 1174-1190. https://doi.org/10.1101/237958
De Leo D.M., S. Herrera, S.D. Lengyel, A.M. Quattrini, R.J. Kulathinal & E.E. Cordes (2018) Gene expression profiling reveals deep-sea coral response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Molecular Ecology. 27 (20): 4066-4077. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14847
Herrera S., M. Jackson, J. Konter, M. Lobecker & K. Elliott (2018) American Samoa Expedition: Suesuega o le Moana Amerika Samoa. Oceanography. 31 Suppl. (1): 72-73. https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2018.supplement.01
Mullineaux L.S., A. Metaxas, S.E. Beaulieu, M. Bright, S. Gollner, B. Grupe, S. Herrera, J. Kellner, L. Levin, S. Mitarai, M. Neubert, A. Thurnherr, V. Tunnicliffe, H. Watanabe & Y. Won (2018) Exploring the ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents in a metacommunity framework. Frontiers in Marine Science. 5: 49. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00049
Quattrini A.M., B.C. Faircloth, L.F. Dueñas, T. Bridge, M. Brugler, I.F. Calixto-Botía,, D.M. DeLeo, S. Forêt, S. Herrera, S. Lee, D.J. Miller, C. Prada, G. Rádis-Baptista, C. Ramírez-Portilla,, J. Sánchez, E. Rodríguez & C.S. McFadden (2018) Universal target-enrichment baits for anthozoan (Cnidaria) phylogenomics: New approaches to long-standing problems. Molecular Ecology Resources. 18(2): 281-295. http://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12736
De Vega W.C., S. Herrera, S.O. Vernon & P.O. McGowan (2017) Epigenetic modifications and glucocorticoid sensitivity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). BMC Medical Genomics. 10(1):11. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12920-017-0248-3
Herrera S. & Shank T.M. (2016) RAD sequencing enables unprecedented phylogenetic resolution and objective species delimitation in recalcitrant divergent taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 100: 1055-7903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.010
Cordes E.E., D.O. Jones, T.A. Schlacher, D.J. Amon, A.F. Bernadino, B.J. Bett, S. Brooke, R. Carney, D.M. DeLeo, K.M. Dunlop, Elva G. Escobar-Briones, A.R. Gates, L. Genio, J. Gobin, Lea-A. Henry, S. Herrera, S. Hoyt, S. Joye, S. Kark, N.C. Mestre, A. Metaxas, S. Pfeifer, K. Sink, A.K. Sweetman & U.F. Witte (2016) Environmental impacts of the deep-water oil and gas industry: a review to guide management strategies. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 24:58. http://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2016.00058
Herrera S., P.H. Reyes-Herrera & T.M. Shank (2015) Predicting RAD-seq marker numbers across the eukaryotic tree of life. Genome Biology and Evolution. 7(12): 3207-3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evv210. Git code repository: https://github.com/phrh/PredRAD.
Reyes-Herrera P.H., C.A. Speck-Hernandez, C.A. Sierra & S. Herrera (2015) BackCLIP: a tool to identify common background presence in PAR-CLIP datasets. Bioinformatics. 31 (22): 3703-3705. http://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btv442.
Herrera S., Watanabe H. & T.M. Shank (2015) Evolutionary history and biogeographical patterns of barnacles from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Molecular Ecology, 24(3): 673-689. http://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13054.
Reitzel A.M.*, S. Herrera*, M.J. Layden, M.Q. Martindale & T.M. Shank (2013) Going where traditional markers have not gone before: utility and promise for RAD-sequencing in marine invertebrate phylogeography and population genomics . Molecular Ecology, 22(11): 2953-2970. Special Issue: Genotyping by Sequencing. http://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12228. *Indicates equal contributions.
Herrera S., T.M Shank & Sánchez J.A. (2012) Spatial and temporal patterns of genetic variation in the widespread antitropical deep-sea coral Paragorgia arborea. Molecular Ecology, 21(24): 6053-6067. http://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12074.
Shank T.M., E.T Baker, R.W. Embley, S. Hammond, J.F. Holden, S. White, S.L. Walker, M. Calderón, S. Herrera, et al. (2012) Exploration of the deepwater galápagos region. Oceanography 25: 50-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.supplement.01.
Shank T.M., S. Herrera, W. Cho, C.N. Roman, K.L.C. Bell (2011) Exploration of the Anaximander mud volcanoes. Oceanography 24 Suppl.: 22-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.24.1.supplement.
Herrera S., A. Baco & J.A. Sánchez (2010) Molecular systematics of the bubblegum coral genera (Paragorgiidae, Octocorallia) and description of a new deep-sea species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 55(1):123-135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.007.
Sánchez J.A., S. Herrera, R. Navas-Camacho, A. Rodriguez-Ramirez, P. Herron, V. Pizarro, A.R. Acosta, P.A. Castillo, P. Montoya & C. Orozco (2010) White plague-like coral disease in remote reefs of the Western Caribbean. International Journal of Tropical Biology and Conservation, 58(Suppl. 1): 145-154. http://www.scielo.sa.cr/pdf/rbt/v58s1/art10v58s1.pdf.













































